Islington Dementia Strategy 2025 - 2035
Our Dementia Strategy for 2025-2035 sets out how residents are supported on the dementia journey; from prevention to diagnosis through to end of life.
Our priorities
Priority one: preventing avoidable dementia
Outcome by 2035
I know what dementia is, what increases the risk of dementia and how to reduce risk of developing the condition.
What we will do to achieve this
- Raise awareness of the risk factors for dementia.
- Raise awareness of local opportunities which support risk reduction
- Seek ways to provide additional support for people with long term conditions to access opportunities to reduce risk.
Why is it important?
Dementia can be caused by a number of risk factors. Some of these such as age or genetics, are not in our control. However, research indicates that in 45% of cases, dementia is linked to fourteen modifiable risk factors (Reference: Dementia prevention, intervention, and care 2024 (thelancet.com)). Dementia risk is lowest in people who have several healthy behaviours, including:
- regular mental, physical and social activity
- not smoking
- drinking alcohol only in moderation
- keeping a healthy diet.
What services and support are already available?
Islington has a number of strategies and initiatives in place to address these risk factors including the Islington Active Together and the Parks for Health strategies, MoreLife weight management programme and Breath, the smoking cessation service. Stop Smoking London launched a smoking cessation campaign highlighting the links between smoking and dementia.
The Islington priorities around air quality aim to reduce emissions, decrease exposure and increase resilience and influence change at a local and London level.
Islington is also rich in community assets that support social, creative, learning and physical activity. The Claremont Project, St Luke’s Community Centre, Whittington Park Resident’s Association, Pensioner’s Forum, Adult Community Learning, University of the Third Age are just a handful of examples among many.
There is a wealth of information online around risk factors and prevention including access to cognitive stimulation activities.
What did residents and stakeholders tell us?
“I thought dementia was inevitable. Where can I find out more [about risk reduction]?”
Most people we spoke to were surprised to hear they could influence dementia risk factors.
Islington residents said they would like to learn about the different types of dementia, the risk factors and how to reduce risk. They said it would be helpful to see this information in a variety of accessible formats and channels, not just online but written materials, workshops, information, and advice made available in public buildings and voluntary community centres for instance.
Carers of people with particularly complex long-term conditions said they needed additional help to reduce their risk of dementia.
Voluntary and community groups say that they would like to support awareness raising amongst the residents they work with. They would like to have guidance and training to do so.
What we will do to achieve this
- Raise awareness of the risk factors for dementia.
- Raise awareness of local opportunities which support risk reduction
- Seek ways to provide additional support for communities at greatest risk to access opportunities to reduce risk.
Priority two: timely identification and diagnosis
Outcome by 2035
My community and services can recognise early signs of dementia and support me to get a timely and accurate diagnosis.
Why is it important?
Diagnosis can be a gateway to health and social care services, financial benefits, and employment support. It can help people living with dementia to understand what they are experiencing and will help their carers to better support the person they care for. It can help with planning for the future (Reference: Institute of Public Care, Supporting People Living with Dementia: Evidence from Research, April 2023).
The latest research from the Alzheimer’s Society indicates that 99% of respondents to a survey felt that they benefited from a diagnosis. Yet there is an average delay of 2.3 years between people thinking that something is ‘not quite right’ with their memory to making first contact with a healthcare professional for advice and investigation (Reference: Persistent barriers and facilitators to seeking help for a dementia diagnosis: a systematic review of 30 years of the perspectives of carers and people with dementia - PubMed (nih.gov)).
A global study showed that barriers to dementia diagnosis can include stigma, lack of awareness, normalisation of the condition, denial, the desire to preserve autonomy, poor patient engagement in and access to healthcare, and linguistically and culturally inappropriate assessments. Dementia awareness campaigns and dementia training for general practitioners, amongst other factors are shown to improve diagnosis rates (Reference: Persistent barriers and facilitators to seeking help for a dementia diagnosis: a systematic review of 30 years of the perspectives of carers and people with dementia - PubMed (nih.gov)).
Nationally, people from global majority communities are likely to present for assessment later, they are less likely to be assessed cognitively and when they are, they have lower than average scores (Reference: Supporting People Living with Dementia: Evidence from Research (brookes.ac.uk)). Assessments can be culturally biased and may not be in the first language of the person.
People with learning disabilities, particularly those with Down Syndrome, are at increased risk of developing dementia, particularly as those with learning disabilities are living longer. Getting a diagnosis of dementia can take longer and be more difficult for many people with learning disabilities due to their pre-existing condition (Reference: Learning disabilities and dementia | Alzheimer's Society (alzheimers.org.uk)).
The recent advances in testing and pharmacological treatments for dementia is likely to increase demand for assessments and services. Testing will become more accurate and less invasive in the coming years with the development of blood bio-marker tests (Reference: What are blood tests and blood biomarkers for diagnosing dementia? | Alzheimer's Society (alzheimers.org.uk)).
What services and support are already available?
The Islington Memory & Dementia Navigator Service carries out assessments to diagnose dementia. Diagnosis rate in Islington for people aged over 65, was 76.4% in May 2024, which compares well to the national average of 65% yet it is lower in comparison to pre-pandemic rates of over 90%. Screening can be carried out in a number of community health services and referrals to the service must go via the GP.
Diagnosis rates and waiting times are affected by prevalence, which is expected to increase, but also by national initiatives and policies.
Islington dementia assessment referral pathway
- Health practitioners in community services (ICAT and PAWS) and hospitals have the skills to recognise and screen for dementia.
- Referral to the GP. GPs also carry out a screening.
- Referral for the Memory Service for assessment.
What did residents and stakeholders tell us?
“If I had known that a diagnosis could help my mum’s condition, I would have encouraged her to go to the GP much sooner.”
Residents wanted to know how they can recognise the signs of dementia and what they should do if they suspect that someone they know has dementia.
Voluntary and community sector services told us they need the right tools, training and guidance to know how to recognise early signs of dementia in the people they support and how to support residents to access assessment and diagnosis. They pointed out that an early diagnosis is important as it helps to make management strategies a part of the person’s routine at an early stage.
Community health teams and clinicians in hospitals said that they would like to refer directly into the Memory Service so that they could ensure that an assessment takes place and follow up on the outcome.
What we will do to achieve this
- Information and advice – we will give residents, and the people who support them, the information they need to help detect early signs of dementia. We will help them understand what to do if they suspect dementia.
- Overcome barriers to diagnosis – we will work with communities that are experiencing barriers to getting a dementia diagnosis to reduce inequalities in care and support.
- Early awareness and identification – we will explore the potential for NHS Health Checks to support awareness and early identification.
- Improve referral processes - make it easier to get a diagnosis. More health practitioners will be able to make a referral to the Memory Service.
- Improve assessments - make sure testing is tailored to the individual regardless of language, background or disability.
Priority three: good post diagnostic care and support
Post diagnostic care and support comes in the form of many interventions that improve the quality of life for people living with dementia and their carers.
Outcome by 2035
I can easily get the information, advice, care and support I need from staff who understand my needs.
Why is it important?
Currently, dementia is a non-curable condition. However, post diagnostic care and support comes in the form of many interventions that improve the quality of life for people living with dementia and their carers. Medications are available which help relieve symptoms and slow the progression of the condition for some types of dementia (Reference: Medication for people living with dementia - Dementia UK). Cognitive Stimulation Therapy has been found to help the memory and thinking skills of people with mild to moderate dementia and has been reported to improve quality of life (Reference: dg-cognitive-stimulation-therapy.pdf (england.nhs.uk)). Music and art can have a positive impact on memory, language, behaviour and mood (Reference: Music and Art Therapy for Alzheimer's and Dementia (alzheimersdisease.net)).
A diagnosis can feel catastrophic for an individual and their family and friends. Depression is common after a diagnosis and there is evidence that therapy and support groups can help as can care and support that is tailored to the individual’s needs and preferences (Reference: Depression and dementia | Alzheimer's Society (alzheimers.org.uk)).
Most people with dementia live in the community and do so with the support of family carers. Carers of people with dementia are more likely to experience negative impact on their own health and wellbeing. There is growing evidence of the value of support groups, peer support, education, information and counselling to carers’ resilience and wellbeing (Reference: Supporting People Living with Dementia: Evidence from… | IPC Brookes).
The pandemic had a significant and negative impact on people living with dementia and their carers. Enforced inactivity and delayed access to health services accelerated physical deconditioning and cognitive deterioration. The health and social care system is yet to recover from the legacy of COVID19 because of delayed diagnosis and treatment, increasingly complex need, and delayed hospital discharges.
Prevalence of dementia is higher in some global majority communities due to links with higher rates of diabetes, hypertension, and cardiovascular disease. Moreover, people from global majority communities are less likely to engage with dementia services. Research has suggested that until barriers such as stigma, communication problems and discrimination are explored and resolved global majority communities will continue to miss out on vital support (Reference: Cultural and religious awareness within dementia care - Dementia UK).
An estimated 20 people living with dementia or an undiagnosed cognitive impairment will be living on their own with no informal support network (Reference: Living Alone Guide for Commissioners.pdf). This group will face challenges with navigating and accessing services.
What services and support are available in 2025?
“The Memory Service are superb. We have reviews every 6 months. They picked up on things and told us what to look out for and who we should see for different issues. I was able to get therapy to help me process what was going on.”
The Islington Memory & Dementia Navigator Service is the specialist service for Islington residents living with dementia and their carers. The service provides assessment, diagnosis and treatment for people experiencing symptoms associated with dementia The service’s post diagnostic support is nationally recognised as the gold standard. It is one of only three London boroughs to provide post diagnostic care until end of life. This includes evidence-based interventions, advice, and signposting.
Every patient with a dementia diagnosis will have an allocated worker, and patients may be seen by different members of the multi-disciplinary team (nurses, navigators, psychologist, or psychiatrist based on their needs.
The Memory Service also offers:
- a 10-week Cognitive Stimulation Therapy course to people diagnosed with dementia.
- “Living Well With Dementia” is a monthly signposting meeting facilitated in partnership with the Islington Carers hub, which welcomes all newly diagnosed patients and their carers
- START is an 8 week programme for carers.
The Memory Service works with the Integrated Learning Disabilities Partnership to improve post diagnostic support to people with Learning Disabilities.
The Services for Aging and Mental Health provide the following services:
- The Care Home Liaison Service is a small multidisciplinary team which consists of a mental health nurse, occupational therapist, psychologist and consultant psychologist. They provide mental health support to residents who are experiencing behavioural and psychological symptoms of dementia, advising care home staff on how to best support them.
- The Community Mental Health Team provides community support to residents whose needs are more complex, for instance those with dementia and co-existing mental health issues or those with significant behavioural and psychological symptoms of dementia.
The council funds day services in the borough. People living with dementia can access these services, which provide opportunities to socialise and to participate in a range of activities. Day services also offer respite for carers.
The Integrated Care Board funds therapies that do not involve drugs that provide social and creative stimulation to people with dementia.
People with dementia often have other health and social care needs. The Integrated Networks are GP led networks with representatives from health, social care, and voluntary and community sector services. They meet weekly to discuss the care needs of patients and service users who have the most complex needs. A coordinated plan is created that makes the best use of local services. The Memory Service sends a representative if a patient’s needs are being addressed.
For residents who are no longer able to live at home, the council funds residential and nursing care. Due to Islington’s small footprint, population density and high property costs, the care home market in Islington is small. There are currently eight homes where residents with dementia can receive care. The council secures access to 229 beds in five homes through block contracts. At the end of March 2024, 200 residents were receiving dementia care in care homes out of borough, either due to lack of availability in borough or to be closer to family. The number represents 60% of all dementia care home placements.
The Camden & Islington advocacy service supports residents who lack mental capacity to make decisions on their own and who have no family or friend to represent them. The service helps to understand the person’s wishes and preferences and to ensure that their rights are upheld.
What did residents and stakeholders tell us?
“Carers seem to struggle on till breaking point and it all goes pear-shaped.”
Residents and stakeholders described a rich service offer delivered by dedicated and passionate professionals. The Memory Service stands out as an excellent service and is held up as a national benchmark for good practice.
Carers and residents with dementia were appreciative of the support around the time of diagnosis. However, they described a cliff edge when time limited interventions came to an end. Carers said they would like to be able to speak to other carers of people living with dementia for emotional support and understanding.
Family and friends’ networks are important to maintaining wellbeing including good nutrition and hydration. Carers said they want to know more about the condition so they can better support the individual they are caring for. Clinicians and carers reported that support to prevent cognitive and physical decline during hospital stays can be limited, leading to increased dependence upon discharge. Patients discharged from hospital are offered a short-term intervention of rehabilitation from a multi-disciplinary team. However, people with dementia struggle to sustain their prescribed programme without support from professionals. For this reason, it is not uncommon for residents with dementia to experience crisis and readmission to hospital.
A number of individuals are staying in hospital informally or detained under the Mental Health Act due to their behaviour. Discharge may be delayed due to lack of planning and challenges in sources appropriate services. Delays in hospital have an adverse impact on their physical and mental health wellbeing.
Dementia, in most cases, coexists with other conditions. Carers and professionals felt there was a need for more joined up working to manage the needs of the individual holistically.
Carers often feel bewildered by what can seem a complex and disjointed system, adding to the distress of a diagnosis. They told us that they needed help to navigate services and identify the right support at the right time. Carers and people with dementia want to have information online but also in other formats. Professionals, too, pointed to a lack of directory resources for dementia services, which would assist with signposting and referrals. A number of services have developed their own resource directories.
There was widespread recognition that dementia awareness and specialist skills in the health and social care workforce would improve the experience and outcomes for people using services. There is also recognition that services must develop better understanding of how dementia affects specific groups including people from global majority communities and those with Learning Disabilities.
What we will do to achieve this
- Accessible information and advice – we will make information and advice easier to find and understand.
- Make better use of our community resources to help maintain wellbeing. We will map out our voluntary and community services that can support residents with dementia to maintain independence and quality of life.
- Look for ways to provide ongoing therapeutic support to residents with dementia to maintain independence and quality of life. This includes physiotherapy and speech and language therapy.
- Find ways to support residents living with dementia to attend health appointments and therapeutic activities.
- Transform hospital discharge processes to ensure good planning and safe discharge.
- Look for ways to improve our care homes for residents with advanced dementia, including more appropriate building design and more responsive care and support.
- Share our knowledge and expertise across the system. Care and support workers will have a better understanding of dementia to provide the right care and support for the individual.
- Services will work together to consider the whole person and not just the dementia.
- Provide better support for residents living with dementia who do not have the support of family and friends.
- Look for ways that residents affected by dementia can support each other.
- Look for ways to support residents with young onset dementia.
- Continue to work with our neighbouring boroughs to consider better approaches to providing care and support for people affected by dementia.
Priority four: living well with dementia
Outcome by 2035
I can live as independently as possible and do the things that are important to me.
Why is this important? What does the evidence tell us?
People can live up to 20 years or more with a dementia diagnosis (Reference: The later stage of dementia | Alzheimer's Society (alzheimers.org.uk)). Dementia affects every facet of life. People living with dementia and their carers experience loss of confidence, independence, and social networks. Maintaining a healthy lifestyle and positive outlook is important for slowing the progression of the condition (Reference: The progression, signs and stages of dementia | Alzheimer's Society (alzheimers.org.uk)). Being an active part of an inclusive community is probably the most important contribution to maintaining independence, wellbeing and having good quality of life centred on what matters to the individual, their carers and families (Reference: Supporting People Living with Dementia: Evidence from… | IPC Brookes).
What services and support are already available?
Dementia inclusive place
- Islington’s Local Plan (Reference: Islington Council Local Plan: Strategic and Development Management Policies) is the planning framework for development. It recognises the importance of place in creating a safe, cohesive and healthy borough for all. New developments must “stitch into” their surrounding communities rather than create barriers to maintain mixed and cohesive communities. To achieve this, developments in the borough must be planned with regard to transport infrastructure and the public realm.
- Islington is creating Liveable Neighbourhoods which help the community to come together in public spaces, make travel easier and safer, reduce air pollution and harness the benefits to physical and mental wellbeing of getting out and about, whether walking or in a wheelchair.
- The introduction of greener healthy streets, and low traffic neighbourhoods further enhances accessibility by prioritising pedestrians and reducing traffic in residential areas.
- If a member of the public is in danger, feels threatened or harassed on the street, is unwell or just in need of some help, a Safe Haven sign in the window of a local business, tells them they can get assistance. Residents can apply for an “In Case of Emergency” (ICE) card.
- Islington is proactively encouraging local businesses and organisations to join Toilets4London. There are over 50 locations listed on the app including council buildings. Islington also promotes the RADAR scheme which provides free use of public toilets for people with disabilities.
Independence and safety at home
- The Local Plan lays out standards for accessible and adaptable homes for life, that flex to the needs of people with long term conditions and disabilities. It is underpinned by Islington’s New Homes Design Guide and the Extra Care Quality Standards which incorporates best practice in terms of dementia friendly design.
- Islington residents living with dementia in their own home can benefit from adaptations which enable occupiers to maintain independence for longer. The Council provides adaptations for their own tenants and facilitates the Disabled Facilities Grant fund for private tenants or homeowners to make their own adaptations.
- The Islington Housing Providers’ Partnership is a key strategic partnership with a vision to drive up standards for accessible and safe housing that meets the needs of tenants. The Community Equipment Service provides equipment such as walking aids, specialist beds, hoists, and bathing equipment which are prescribed by health and social care practitioners.
- The Council’s Assistive Technology Service provides residents with personal alarms and sensors that can be activated to alert a 24-hour support centre. Innovations in Assistive Technology are opening up new opportunities to maximise independence, increase safety, reduce social isolation, prevent crisis and provide carers with reassurance.
- In 2023, the council worked with nine local care homes to support them in improving their air quality – including by carrying out audits and providing unique, tailored tips to each home.
- In 2023, Adult Social Care funded a digital technology pilot providing fifteen carers in the community with RITA (Rehabilitation Interactive Therapeutic Activities) devices to be used with the person they care for. The technology is hoped to improve the experience of people living with dementia and to provide respite for carers as well as improve the relationship with the person they care for.
- The council’s income maximisation team (IMAX) provide advice and support with benefits and tax credits to ensure residents get the maximum amount of money they are entitled to. Residents can also access the online benefits calculator.
- The council offers support to residents around cost of living support including advice on debt and housing as well as grants to help with the cost of living.
- Evidence indicates a link between dementia and domestic abuse (Reference: Dementia’s hidden darkness: Violence and domestic abuse (theconversation.com)). The Homes and Neighbourhood service obtained the Domestic Abuse Housing Alliance accreditation which is the UK standard for how housing providers should respond to domestic abuse.
- Islington’s Library service has a dementia inclusive offer including the Home Library Service and Books on Prescription.
Dementia Inclusive Community
- Dementia Friendly Islington is a network of council, health and community sector services, private businesses and organisations and individuals who want Islington to be a dementia inclusive borough. Members meet quarterly to make contacts, share resources and good practice, promote events and activities and become more dementia aware. Some members are working towards or have achieved the London Dementia Friendly Venues accreditation. The membership in 2024 stands at over 50 organisations and growing.
- Islington Council is working with the Alzheimer’s Society Dementia Friends Ambassador to deliver Dementia Friends sessions to council employees, service providers and in the community. Dementia Friends sessions help to raise awareness, foster understanding, and tackle stigma. The sessions are promoted to residents, businesses, council services, health partners and community groups and services.
What did residents and stakeholders tell us?
“There’s so much to do in Islington. I go to the Claremont where there's lots of great activities."
Islington is a borough rich in opportunities for social interaction and community participation, including activities specifically designed for people living with dementia and their carers. Yet, people living with dementia withdraw from the community and stop doing the activities which are important to them, eventually becoming isolated. Loss of confidence or ability to travel to venues is a common factor as is forgetting to attend activities. Some services will not accept residents with dementia unless their carer is able to attend. Sadly, stigma causes people to withdraw from their networks and the community.
“When I was taking mum out, I felt the eyes staring at us and I was embarrassed.”
As dementia advances, people become housebound and there is a need for befriending to prevent social isolation for the person or their carer, particularly as social networks drop off. There are currently no befriending services in Islington that support people with dementia. Those impacted by dementia struggle with challenges and relationships are negatively affected. It’s important to be able to cherish relationships for as long as possible.
"There's been a big change with low traffic neighbourhoods. You can see people out on their mobility scooters and zimmerframes."
Loss of independence often comes about due to a fall which can lead to hospital admission and often admission to a care home. There are several initiatives in Islington but no cohesive strategic approach.
What we will do to achieve this
- Continue to raise awareness about dementia We will help anyone living and working in Islington to understand how everyone can make a difference to the lives of people affected by dementia.
- Grow our Dementia Friendly Islington network. We will invite residents and representatives from more sectors to join.
- Support the creation of a dementia friends recognition scheme in the North Central London region; including Barnet, Camden, Enfield, Haringey and Islington boroughs
- Promote initiatives that help residents with Dementia get out and about.
- Continue to seek opportunities to provide digital and assistive technology to improve wellbeing.
- Continue to support residents to make their home more dementia friendly.
- Seek opportunities to support access to community groups and activities.
- Continue to incorporate best practice in dementia inclusive standards when planning guidance is reviewed.
- Deliver training on dementia inclusive design for elected members responsible for planning decisions, and planning officers.
Priority five: choice and control – planning ahead
Outcome by 2035
Decisions about my care are made according to my wishes, preferences, beliefs and values, even when I can no longer make decisions on my own.
Why is it important?
Many people with dementia will lose capacity to make decisions about their finances and health. A common misconception is that next of kin can automatically make decisions on behalf of the person if necessary and that making medical decisions or future planning for loved ones is straightforward. This is not true. A lasting power of attorney (LPA) is a legal document that allows individuals to appoint one or more people (known as 'attorneys') to make decisions on behalf of the individual when the individual no longer has capacity to do so. There are two types of LPA, one for financial matters and one for health and welfare. Many people who would benefit from LPA do not know about it.xlii If LPA is not granted, the family or carers are required to apply to the Court of Protection to manage the affairs of the person. This is time consuming and expensive.
Advance care planning is a way for someone to express and document how they wish to be cared for as their illness progresses. Planning ahead can help the person and other healthcare professionals understand the person’s wishes, preferences, beliefs, and values regarding their care. The plan will include LPA, advance decisions to refuse treatment and their preferences for place of care and place of death. This gives the person greater confidence in their care, based on what matters to them and gives them a greater sense of control of their own lives. In Islington, only 56% of people with dementia die in their usual place of residence. This is lower than national average and suggests that residents are not well supported to die in their place of choice.
What services and support are already available in 2025?
Marie Curie received 18 months of funding to provide an Advanced Care Planning service in North Central London, commencing May 2023. This service supports patients with a terminal diagnosis such as dementia to make plans for their care and support. The service aims to release time for clinicians, and to improve outcomes for patients and families - for example ensuring more people are able to die at their chosen place of death. The service also helps to promote the Advanced Care Planning system in the sub-region, Universal Care Plan. Universal Care Plan is a system that can be accessed by any provider involved in the care of the person to ensure the advance care plan is recorded and shared.
In 2025, Islington will be taking part in the test phase of a new functionality in the Universal Care Plan which is tailored to patients with dementia.
Future Matters is a free, community-based service for Islington residents planning their future. It offers one-to-one support for setting up wills and Lasting Power of Attorney and making an advance care plan using the Universal Care Plan service. Future Matters also holds events in Islington’s libraries.
Residents with dementia may be in receipt of social care for many years. Unlike the health service, social care is means tested and many people will pay towards the cost of their care. The council provides a care cost calculator tool which can help residents to plan their finances.
What residents and stakeholders told us
“I’m the one looking after mum day in, day out. I know what’s best for her. Now the whole family is getting involved and we’re going to court to sort out her care.”
Residents told us LPA was something they would think about when they became ill. This is confirmed by the relatively low uptake of LPA in Islington. A campaign by the Office of Public Guardian commencing in 2021 which was supported by Islington had little impact. Sadly, situations where power of attorney is not granted, can lead to tensions and conflict within families at times of important decisions about their loved ones care.
Most residents who access Future Matters service are White British. This suggests that people from the global majority may not be aware of the requirement for LPA.
Annual reviews should be completed by GPs. They are a key part of a person’s care post diagnosis. In an annual review the clinician will ask questions, do a medication review, check for new symptoms or changes in behaviour, and discuss planning ahead and support for carers. However, GPs admitted that they do not always prioritise annual reviews due to stretched resources. Healthcare professionals are unclear about the best time to start the advanced care plan conversations and there is limited coordination between services to make sure the conversation takes place.
What we will do to achieve this
- Continue to promote awareness of the law around who can make decisions on behalf of a person who no longer has capacity to make decisions about their finances, property, health or wellbeing.
- Continue to promote awareness of the support available that helps residents put timely plans in place for the future.
- Make sure that residents with dementia are given regular opportunities to express their wishes about their care plans for now and in the future.
- Make sure that health and social care practitioners and providers understand the law on mental capacity.